Axe throwing has evolved from an ancient skill used in warfare and survival to a modern recreational activity enjoyed worldwide. As the popularity of this sport continues to grow, understanding the types of axes used becomes essential for both casual enthusiasts and competitive throwers. Whether you’re stepping into an axe-throwing venue for the first time or looking to purchase your own competition-grade tool, this comprehensive guide explores the various axes used in this thrilling sport.
Understanding Axe Throwing League Regulations
Before diving into specific axe types, it’s important to understand that the two major axe throwing organizations—the World Axe Throwing League (WATL) and the International Axe Throwing Federation (IATF)—have established different specifications for competition axes.
WATL Specifications
The World Axe Throwing League allows more flexibility in their axe requirements compared to the IATF. According to WATL rules:
- Axes may only have one sharp bit (blade)
- No sharpened bits, spikes, or blades are allowed on the poll (back) of the axe
- Axe heads must be securely attached to the handle
- There are no material restrictions for handles (allowing both wooden and synthetic options)
IATF Specifications
The International Axe Throwing Federation has stricter requirements, particularly for handle materials:
| Requirement | Specification |
|---|---|
| Handle Material | Must be made from wood |
| Blade Type | Single bit only (no blade or sharpened spike on the back) |
| Handle Length | 13-17 inches (measured from bottom of handle to top) |
| Head Weight | 1.25-1.75 pounds |
| Blade Length | No longer than 4 inches |
These specifications ensure fairness and standardization in competitive environments while maintaining the traditional aspects of the sport.
Primary Types of Axes Used in Axe Throwing
Several distinct categories of axes are commonly used in axe throwing, each with its own characteristics and advantages.
1. Hatchets
Hatchets are the most common type of axe used in recreational and competitive axe throwing. These smaller axes typically feature:
- A compact design with total length between 13-17 inches
- Head weight between 1.25-1.75 pounds
- Single-bit blade design
- Traditional wooden handle (usually hickory) or modern composite materials
Hatchets are ideal for beginners due to their manageable weight and size, allowing for proper technique development without excessive strain. They’re also the standard for most league competitions.
2. Throwing Tomahawks
Tomahawks represent another popular option, particularly for those interested in the historical aspects of the sport. Features include:
- Longer, slimmer handle compared to traditional hatchets
- Distinctive curved blade design
- Lightweight construction (typically 1-1.5 pounds)
- Often feature traditional styles inspired by Native American or historical designs
While tomahawks provide an interesting throwing experience with different rotation dynamics, some competition leagues may have specific restrictions on their use.
3. Competition-Specific Axes
As axe throwing has evolved into a competitive sport, manufacturers have developed specialized axes designed specifically for competition:
- Ultra-thin blade profiles for easier target penetration
- Optimized weight distribution for consistent rotation
- Specially designed handles for improved grip and release
- Forged heads designed for maximum “sticking” potential
These purpose-built axes often meet all competition requirements while maximizing performance for serious competitors.
4. Big Axes
Used primarily for tiebreakers or special events in competitions, big axes feature:
- Longer handles (minimum 25 inches for IATF competition)
- Heavier heads (2.25-2.75 pounds for IATF competition)
- Two-handed throwing technique
- Greater challenge due to size and weight
Big axe throwing requires additional skill and strength, making it an exciting addition to the standard competition format.
Axe Anatomy and Components
Understanding the anatomy of a throwing axe helps in selecting the right tool and optimizing performance.
Head Components
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Bit/Blade | The sharpened edge that contacts the target |
| Cheek | The side surface of the axe head |
| Eye | The hole where the handle attaches |
| Poll | The back portion of the axe head (opposite the bit) |
| Beard | The lower portion of the bit that extends below the handle |
Handle Considerations
The handle plays a crucial role in the balance and feel of a throwing axe:
- Length: Typically 13-17 inches for standard competition, though personal preference and throwing style may dictate variations
- Material: Traditional wood (usually hickory) provides classic feel and is required by IATF, while synthetic materials offer durability
- Shape: Straight handles are preferred for competition throwing, as curved handles can affect rotation
- Grip area: Some axes feature textured or specially designed grip sections for improved control
Popular Brands and Models in Axe Throwing
Several manufacturers have established themselves as leaders in the axe throwing market, producing tools specifically designed for the sport.
WATL Official Axes
The World Axe Throwing League produces its own line of throwing axes, which have gained popularity for their competition-specific designs:
| Model | Features | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Competition Thrower | 16-inch hickory handle, balanced design, thin profile | Beginners to intermediate throwers |
| Bad Axe | Enhanced blade coverage, premium design | Intermediate throwers |
| The Butcher | Cleaver design, maximum blade coverage | Advanced throwers |
| The Commander | Well-balanced, durable design | Transition from beginner to advanced |
| Ace of Spades | Teardrop shaped blade, maximum forgiveness | Experienced throwers |
These axes are engineered specifically for axe throwing rather than being repurposed tools, offering optimal performance for competition.
Cold Steel
Cold Steel produces several popular throwing axes, with the most notable being:
- Competition Throwing Axe: Features a durable design with good balance for beginners
- Trail Boss: Versatile axe that works well for throwing and camping
- Pipe Hawk: Tomahawk-style design popular for recreational throwing
Cold Steel axes are known for their durability and reasonable price point, making them accessible options for beginners.
Estwing
Estwing manufactures several all-steel construction axes that have found popularity in recreational throwing:
- Sportsman’s Axe: 14-inch one-piece steel construction with leather grip
- Camper’s Axe: Longer 16-inch design with increased leverage
- Tomahawk: Designed specifically for throwing with balanced weight distribution
While Estwing’s all-steel construction axes don’t meet IATF wooden handle requirements, they’re extremely durable and popular for practice and recreational throwing.
Husqvarna
Husqvarna offers traditional forged axes that meet competition specifications:
- Throwing Hatchet: 13-inch wooden handle, 1.2-pound head weight
- Wooden Carpenter’s Axe: Precision-ground blade with good balance
Husqvarna axes are manufactured by their parent company Hultafors Group, which also produces the premium Hults Bruk line of axes.
Custom and Specialty Brands
A growing market of custom axe makers caters to serious throwers looking for personalized tools:
- Viking-style axes: Hand-forged replicas of historical designs
- Personalized throwing axes: Custom weight distribution and handle length
- Artisan axes: Hand-crafted with premium materials and unique aesthetics
These custom options allow experienced throwers to optimize their equipment for their specific throwing style and preferences.
Material Considerations for Throwing Axes
The materials used in axe construction significantly impact performance, durability, and competition eligibility.
Head Materials
Most quality throwing axe heads are made from carbon steel, with variations in:
- Hardness: Measured in HRC (Rockwell Hardness), with competition axes typically ranging from 48-55 HRC
- Carbon content: Higher carbon content generally yields a harder edge that holds sharpness longer
- Forging method: Hand-forged versus machine-forged, affecting grain structure and durability
- Finish: Polished, painted, or raw finishes affecting both aesthetics and rust resistance
The ideal head material balances durability, weight, and the ability to hold an edge through repeated impact with targets.
Handle Materials
| Material | Advantages | Disadvantages | League Compliance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hickory Wood | Traditional feel, shock absorption, replaceable | Can break with repeated use, requires maintenance | IATF & WATL approved |
| Other Hardwoods | Aesthetic variety, different weight options | Variable durability, may require more maintenance | IATF & WATL approved |
| Fiberglass | Extremely durable, weather-resistant | Different feel, less traditional | WATL only |
| Full Steel | Virtually unbreakable, consistent weight | Cold in winter, transmits shock, not replaceable | WATL only |
| Composite | Durable, consistent performance | Less traditional feel, limited repair options | WATL only |
Wood handles remain the most popular choice for competitive throwers due to their traditional feel and universal acceptance in competition.
Profile and Weight Distribution
The profile of an axe and its weight distribution significantly impact throwing performance and success.
Blade Profile
Throwing axes typically feature thinner profiles than utility axes:
- Ultra-thin edges: Purpose-built throwing axes often have edges less than 1/16″ thick for easier penetration
- Blade width: Wider blades provide more surface area for sticking but may require more force
- Blade angle: The angle of the cutting edge affects penetration and sticking ability
Competition throwers often modify blade profiles through grinding to achieve optimal performance.
Balance Point
The balance point of an axe determines its rotation pattern during flight:
- Head-heavy balance: Creates more powerful impacts but may be harder to control
- Neutral balance: Offers predictable rotation and greater control
- Handle-heavy balance: Rarely used for throwing due to insufficient impact force
Most competitive throwers prefer a slightly head-heavy balance for optimal performance.
Choosing the Right Axe for Your Skill Level
The ideal axe varies depending on your experience and goals in axe throwing.
For Beginners
Newcomers to axe throwing should consider:
- Moderate weight (1.25-1.5 pounds head weight)
- Standard length (14-16 inch handle)
- Durable construction to withstand learning mishaps
- Budget-friendly options while developing skills
Recommended beginner axes include the WATL Competition Thrower, Cold Steel Competition Throwing Axe, or Estwing Sportsman’s Axe for recreational use.
For Intermediate Throwers
As skills develop, intermediate throwers may benefit from:
- More specialized axes with optimized profiles
- Better quality materials for improved performance
- Axes with replaceable handles as throwing volume increases
- Consideration of league-specific requirements if competing
Options like the WATL Bad Axe, Husqvarna Throwing Hatchet, or SOG Throwing Hawk offer good intermediate performance.
For Advanced Competitors
Serious competitors often look for:
- Premium construction with optimal weight distribution
- Ultra-thin profile for maximum sticking potential
- Customized handle length for their specific throwing style
- Multiple axes with identical specifications for consistency
High-end options like the WATL Ace of Spades, Butcher, or custom-made competition axes suit serious competitors.
Maintenance and Modification of Throwing Axes
Proper maintenance extends the life of throwing axes and optimizes performance.
Edge Maintenance
Regular edge maintenance ensures consistent performance:
- Sharpening: Use a fine-grit whetstone to maintain a sharp but not razor edge
- Profile grinding: Some throwers modify the factory edge to achieve thinner profiles
- Deburring: Remove any burrs or rolled edges that develop from impact
A properly maintained edge should be sharp enough to bite into wood but not so sharp as to be dangerous in handling.
Handle Care
Wooden handles require specific maintenance:
- Sanding: Remove splinters and rough spots
- Oiling: Apply linseed oil or similar wood preservative regularly
- Inspection: Check for cracks or weak points
- Replacement: Learn to properly replace handles or have a professional do so
Synthetic handles generally require less maintenance but should be inspected regularly for damage.
Customization Considerations
Many throwers customize their axes for improved performance:
- Handle shaping: Modifying grip areas for better feel
- Handle length: Cutting to optimal length for individual throwing style
- Weight adjustment: Adding or removing material to achieve ideal weight
- Decorative elements: Adding personal touches while maintaining performance
Ensure any modifications comply with league rules if you plan to compete.
Safety Considerations for Throwing Axes
Safety remains paramount in axe throwing, with the tool design playing a crucial role.
Design Safety Features
Safe throwing axes feature:
- Securely attached heads with no risk of detachment
- Handles free from dangerous splinters or sharp edges
- Properly balanced design for predictable flight patterns
- No protruding spikes or additional hazardous features
Always inspect axes before use to ensure they meet these safety criteria.
Transport and Storage
Proper transport and storage protect both the axes and the people around them:
- Use blade covers or sheaths when transporting
- Store in dry locations to prevent handle rot and rust
- Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized users
- Consider dedicated axe carriers for multiple tools
Safe handling practices extend beyond the throwing range to all aspects of axe ownership.
Frequently Asked Questions About Axes Used in Axe Throwing
Can I use my camping/utility axe for axe throwing?
While camping or utility axes can technically be thrown, they’re not ideal for competitive or recreational axe throwing. These general-purpose axes typically have thicker blade profiles that don’t stick in targets as effectively and aren’t balanced for rotation. Purpose-built throwing axes have thinner profiles specifically designed to penetrate targets easily and balanced weight distribution for consistent rotation. If you’re just trying axe throwing casually, a camping axe might work, but for regular practice or competition, investing in a proper throwing axe will significantly improve your experience and success rate.
What’s the difference between axes used for indoor versus outdoor throwing?
Indoor and outdoor axe throwing primarily use the same types of axes, but there are some considerations for each environment. Indoor throwing typically uses standard hatchets or tomahawks with wooden handles and single-bit heads, conforming to league specifications. Outdoor throwing sometimes incorporates larger axes or specialty designs that might not be suitable for indoor ranges. Weather considerations also come into play outdoors – wooden-handled axes may require more maintenance when exposed to moisture, while all-steel designs might be preferred for durability. The target material is often softer indoors (specifically prepared pine boards), while outdoor targets might be harder wood requiring slightly different axe profiles.
How much should I expect to spend on a quality throwing axe?
Quality throwing axes vary considerably in price, typically ranging from $25 to $150+ depending on construction, materials, and brand prestige. Entry-level throwing axes from reputable manufacturers like Cold Steel or basic WATL models generally cost $25-50, offering good performance for beginners. Mid-range options with better materials and balance typically run $50-100, including brands like Estwing and premium WATL models. High-end competition and custom axes can cost $100-200+, featuring hand-forged construction, premium materials, and optimized performance characteristics. For beginners, a $30-60 investment provides a quality axe that will perform well while you develop your skills.
Are certain axe types better for different throwing styles?
Yes, different axe types complement specific throwing styles. For one-handed overhead throws (the most common technique), standard hatchets with 14-16 inch handles provide the best balance and control. Two-handed overhead throws benefit from slightly longer handles (16-17 inches) and potentially heavier heads for proper rotation. Underhand throws often work better with lighter axes featuring more forward-balanced heads. No-spin techniques require specially balanced axes with minimal rotation characteristics. As throwers develop their personal style, many find that subtle differences in head weight, handle length, and balance point significantly impact their success with different throwing techniques, leading many serious competitors to own multiple specialized axes.
How often do throwing axes need to be replaced?
The lifespan of a throwing axe depends primarily on construction quality, usage frequency, and maintenance practices. Steel axe heads from quality manufacturers can last indefinitely with proper care, requiring only occasional sharpening and profile maintenance. Wooden handles typically need replacement every 3-12 months with regular use, with frequency depending on throwing volume, impact force, and wood quality. All-steel construction axes may never need replacement but can suffer bent heads or damaged grips with extended use. Most serious throwers budget for routine handle replacements and maintain a rotation of axes rather than relying on a single tool, extending the effective lifespan of their equipment through proper maintenance and care.
Conclusion
The world of axe throwing encompasses a diverse range of tools designed to meet the needs of different throwers and competition standards. From traditional wooden-handled hatchets to modern competition-specific designs, the choice of axe significantly impacts the throwing experience and success rate.
When selecting an axe for throwing, consider your skill level, intended use (recreational vs. competitive), and the specific requirements of any leagues you plan to join. Quality construction, proper balance, and appropriate weight distribution are key factors that transcend specific brands or models.
As axe throwing continues to grow in popularity, manufacturers continue to innovate, developing specialized tools that push the boundaries of performance. Whether you’re a casual weekend thrower or aspiring champion, understanding the nuances of throwing axe design helps you make informed choices that enhance your enjoyment and success in this ancient yet thoroughly modern sport.
