Axe throwing has emerged from its historical roots as a skill of necessity to become one of the fastest-growing recreational activities and competitive sports worldwide. What was once primarily associated with lumberjacks and medieval warriors has transformed into an accessible, thrilling activity enjoyed by people of all backgrounds in dedicated venues across the globe. But what exactly is the axe throwing game, how does it work, and why has it captured the imagination of so many? This comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about this exciting sport.
The Fundamentals of Axe Throwing
What Is Axe Throwing?
At its core, axe throwing is exactly what it sounds like: the act of throwing an axe at a target. However, the modern axe throwing game involves much more than simply hurling a sharp object at a wooden board. It combines skill, technique, precision, and strategy within a structured set of rules and scoring systems.
The basic premise involves competitors standing at a designated throwing line and tossing axes at wooden targets marked with scoring zones. Points are awarded based on where the axe sticks in the target, with the bullseye and special areas offering the highest values. What makes the game particularly challenging and engaging is the need to master the perfect throwing technique, ensuring the axe rotates exactly once during flight to embed the blade into the target.
Brief History and Rise in Popularity
Axe throwing as a recreational activity has deep historical roots. Throughout history, various cultures including the Franks, Vikings, and Native Americans used thrown axes for both hunting and warfare. However, the modern sport of axe throwing can trace its organized beginnings to two main sources:
- Lumberjack Competitions: Since the 1940s, lumberjack competitions or “Loggersports” included axe throwing as one of many events showcasing traditional forestry skills.
- Backyard Axe Throwing League (BATL): The urban axe throwing phenomenon began in 2006 when Matt Wilson, a bartender from Toronto, Canada, started throwing axes with friends in his backyard. This casual activity quickly grew into organized competitions, leading Wilson to establish BATL, which opened its first commercial venue in 2011.
From these beginnings, axe throwing has experienced explosive growth, spreading from Canada to the United States in 2016 and subsequently worldwide. Today, it’s a globally recognized sport with professional leagues, international tournaments, and thousands of dedicated venues.
How Axe Throwing Works
The Playing Environment
Axe throwing takes place in a controlled environment specifically designed for safety and optimal play:
| Element | Description |
|---|---|
| Throwing Lane | A designated area with barriers on either side to contain throws |
| Target | Wooden boards arranged in a bull’s-eye pattern with scoring rings |
| Throwing Line | A marked line (typically 12-15 feet from the target) that throwers must remain behind |
| Safety Zone | A clearly defined area behind the thrower that must remain clear during active throwing |
Most commercial venues feature multiple lanes side by side, similar to a bowling alley, allowing multiple games to be played simultaneously. The lanes are typically enclosed by fencing or netting to ensure axes remain contained.
Equipment Used
The axe throwing game uses specific equipment designed for safety, consistency, and optimal performance:
Types of Axes
There are two main categories of axes used in competitive axe throwing:
- Standard Hatchet: The most common type used in axe throwing is a small, one-handed axe (hatchet) specifically designed for throwing. These typically weigh between 1.25-1.75 pounds with a 13-17 inch handle.
- Big Axe: Used in specialized competitions or tiebreakers, these are larger, two-handed axes weighing 2.25-2.75 pounds with handles at least 25 inches long.
Most professional leagues have specific requirements for competition axes:
| Feature | WATL Specifications | IATF Specifications |
|---|---|---|
| Head Weight | 1.25-1.75 lbs | 1.25-1.75 lbs |
| Handle Length | 13-17 inches | 13-17 inches |
| Blade Length | Max 4 inches | Max 4.75 inches |
| Material | Any | Wooden handles required |
| Big Axe Weight | 2.25-2.75 lbs | 2.25-2.75 lbs |
| Big Axe Length | Min 25 inches | Min 25 inches |
Popular brands and models designed specifically for axe throwing include:
- WATL Competition Thrower
- WATL Bad Axe
- WATL Butcher
- Council Tool Flying Fox
- Cold Steel Competition Thrower
- Estwing Sportsman’s Axe (modified for throwing)
Targets
Targets in axe throwing are typically made from soft wood that allows axes to stick easily without excessive damage. The most common woods used are:
- Cottonwood
- Poplar
- Pine
Regulation targets are constructed from vertical wooden boards (usually five planks placed side by side), measuring approximately 4 feet by 4 feet, with a thickness of about 2 inches.
Basic Rules and Gameplay
While specific rules vary between leagues and venues, the fundamental aspects of axe throwing gameplay include:
Throwing Technique
The standard throwing technique in axe throwing involves:
- Gripping the axe securely with one or two hands
- Standing behind the designated throwing line
- Using a smooth, controlled overhand motion to throw the axe
- Aiming to have the axe rotate exactly once before embedding into the target
Most leagues allow both one-handed and two-handed throws, as long as the axe is thrown with the blade facing the target. Underhand throws are permitted in some leagues but less common in competition.
Scoring System
The standard target in competitive axe throwing consists of concentric rings with point values decreasing from the center outward. The two major governing bodies use slightly different scoring systems:
IATF (International Axe Throwing Federation) Scoring:
- Bullseye: 5 points
- Inner ring: 3 points
- Outer ring: 1 point
- Clutch (special spots in corners): 7 points (must be called in advance)
WATL (World Axe Throwing League) Scoring:
- Bullseye: 6 points
- Rings decreasing outward: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points
- Killshots (blue dots): 8 points (limited to twice per match)
Points are awarded based on where the majority of the blade sticks in the target. If an axe fails to stick or falls out before scoring, zero points are awarded.
Match Format
A standard axe throwing match typically consists of:
- 10 throws per player
- Players alternate throws or throw in rounds of 5
- Highest total score wins
- Tiebreakers may involve additional throws or special targets
In league play, matches may be organized into best-of-three games or round-robin tournaments.
Major Axe Throwing Organizations and Competitions
The axe throwing world is organized and governed by several major organizations, each with its own rules, competitions, and member venues.
International Axe Throwing Federation (IATF)
The IATF (formerly known as the National Axe Throwing Federation or NATF) was established in 2016 by BATL founder Matt Wilson. It represents over 20,000 league members across 150+ cities in 9 countries.
Key features of the IATF include:
- Standardized rule system for competitive play
- Annual International Axe Throwing Championship (IATC)
- Wilson Cup trophy awarded to champions
- Premier scoring system for championship competitions
The IATF rule system forms the basis of many league competitions and has a 16+ year history dating back to the original backyard leagues started by Wilson.
World Axe Throwing League (WATL)
Founded in 2017 by representatives from Canada, the United States, Brazil, and Ireland, WATL has grown to include 175+ member companies across 19 countries.
WATL organizes major international competitions including:
- World Axe Throwing Championship
- U.S. Open
- Canadian Open
- European Open
- Arnold Opens (North American and South American)
The organization has gained significant exposure through broadcasting agreements with ESPN, bringing axe throwing to mainstream audiences.
Other Notable Organizations
Several other organizations contribute to the growth and development of axe throwing:
- European Throwing Club Flying Blades (EuroThrowers): Represents more than 250 members from 15 nations, focusing on European competitions and standardization.
- International Knife Throwers Hall of Fame (IKTHOF): Includes axe throwing alongside knife throwing competitions.
- Global Axe Throwing Commission (GAC): Specializes in double-bit axe throwing competitions, maintaining traditional lumberjack-style events.
Types of Axe Throwing Games and Variations
While standard competitive play follows a structured format, axe throwing features numerous game variations that add variety and challenge.
Standard Competition Formats
The primary competition formats include:
- Standard Match Play: Players compete head-to-head, with each throwing 10 axes and the highest score winning.
- League Play: Extended competitions where participants play weekly matches over a season (typically 8 weeks), culminating in playoffs.
- Tournament Play: Single or double-elimination brackets determining a champion from a large field of competitors.
- Hatchet Duals: A team-based variation where two players throw simultaneously at the same target, combining their scores.
- Big Axe Competition: Specialized events using larger, two-handed axes thrown from a greater distance (15 feet vs. 12 feet).
Fun Game Variations
Beyond standard competition, many venues offer alternative games with unique rules:
21
Similar to the card game Blackjack, players aim to reach exactly 21 points without going over. Key rules include:
- Must hit predetermined “checkpoint” scores along the way
- Going over 21 resets your score or eliminates you
- First player to hit exactly 21 wins
Around the World
This game challenges accuracy across all scoring zones:
- Players must hit each scoring ring in sequence
- Must hit a specific zone before moving to the next
- First player to complete the sequence wins
Blackjack
In this variation:
- Teams aim to get as close to 21 points as possible without going over
- Players get 10 throws per team
- Dropped axes count as -4 points
- Closest to 21 without busting wins
HORSE
Based on the basketball game of the same name:
- First player makes a throw
- Subsequent players must match it exactly
- Failure to match earns a letter
- First to spell “HORSE” loses
Yahtzee
A complex team game using dice-game principles:
- Teams of 4 players
- Various combinations score different point values
- Requires strategy to maximize scoring opportunities
Benefits and Appeal of Axe Throwing
The rapid growth of axe throwing can be attributed to its numerous benefits and wide appeal to diverse audiences.
Physical and Mental Benefits
Axe throwing offers several health and wellness advantages:
- Physical Exercise: Though not intense cardio, axe throwing provides moderate exercise, engaging core muscles, shoulders, and arms.
- Stress Relief: The focused, physical act of throwing provides a cathartic release for tension and stress.
- Mental Focus: Successful axe throwing requires concentration and mindfulness, creating a meditative quality.
- Skill Development: Participants experience measurable improvement with practice, building confidence.
Social Aspects
Axe throwing venues have positioned themselves as social hubs:
- Group Activities: Perfect for team building, birthday celebrations, and other group events.
- Community Building: League play fosters long-term friendships and community connections.
- Inclusive Environment: The sport welcomes participants regardless of age (adults), gender, or athletic background.
- Unique Experience: Offers a novel alternative to traditional social activities like bowling or mini-golf.
Competitive Elements
For those drawn to competition, axe throwing provides:
- Structured Leagues: Regular competition with rankings and advancement.
- Tournament Opportunities: Chances to compete at local, national, and international levels.
- Skill Progression: Clear path from beginner to expert with visible improvement.
- Professional Potential: Top throwers can win prizes, sponsorships, and recognition.
Safety and Etiquette in Axe Throwing
Given that axe throwing involves sharp implements, safety is paramount in the sport.
Safety Protocols
Standard safety measures at axe throwing venues include:
- Supervised Throwing: Trained staff monitor all throwing activities.
- Safety Briefings: All participants receive instruction on proper technique and safety rules.
- Controlled Environment: Lanes are designed to contain errant throws with barriers.
- Equipment Inspection: Regular checking of axes and targets for damage or defects.
- Alcohol Policies: While many venues serve alcohol, strict monitoring for intoxication is standard.
- First Aid Preparedness: Staff trained in emergency response with first aid kits readily available.
Common Rules and Etiquette
Proper axe throwing etiquette includes:
- One Thrower at a Time: Only one person throws in a lane at any given time.
- Retrieval Protocol: Axes are only retrieved after all throwers in a round have completed their throws.
- Lane Discipline: Participants stay within their designated lanes and behind throwing lines.
- Axe Handling: Axes are carried with blades down when not in use.
- Respectful Behavior: Good sportsmanship is expected, including respecting judges’ calls.
- Equipment Care: Proper handling of venue equipment and shared axes.
How to Get Started with Axe Throwing
For those interested in trying axe throwing, getting started is relatively straightforward.
Finding a Venue
Axe throwing venues can be found in most major cities and many smaller communities:
- Commercial Venues: Dedicated axe throwing facilities like BATL, Bad Axe Throwing, or independent local venues.
- Multi-Activity Venues: Some entertainment centers include axe throwing alongside other activities.
- Mobile Operations: Portable axe throwing setups that can be brought to events.
- Outdoor Experiences: Some outdoor recreation centers or camps offer axe throwing.
Finding your nearest venue is as simple as an online search for “axe throwing near me” or checking the location directories on major league websites like WATL or IATF.
First-Time Tips
For newcomers to axe throwing, these tips can help ensure a positive experience:
- Dress Appropriately: Wear closed-toe shoes and comfortable clothing that allows free movement.
- Listen to Instruction: Pay attention to the safety briefing and technique guidance.
- Start with Proper Form: Focus on technique rather than power.
- Be Patient: Expect a learning curve; most people need several attempts before consistently sticking the axe.
- Ask Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask for help from staff or experienced throwers.
- Have Fun: Remember it’s a recreational activity first and foremost.
Progressing in the Sport
For those who catch the axe throwing bug and want to advance:
- Join a League: Weekly league play is the best way to improve consistently.
- Invest in Equipment: Consider purchasing your own throwing axe once you’re committed.
- Study Technique: Watch videos of top throwers and competitions.
- Practice Consistently: Regular throwing develops muscle memory and consistency.
- Enter Competitions: Start with local tournaments to gain experience.
The Future of Axe Throwing
As axe throwing continues to evolve, several trends are shaping its future.
Growing Mainstream Recognition
Axe throwing is increasingly gaining legitimacy as a mainstream sport:
- Media Coverage: ESPN and other sports networks now broadcast major competitions.
- Corporate Sponsorship: Growing interest from brands sponsoring events and athletes.
- Professional Athletes: The emergence of professional axe throwers with sponsorships and followings.
Technological Innovations
Technology is enhancing the axe throwing experience:
- Electronic Scoring: Automated systems for tracking scores and statistics.
- Projection Mapping: Interactive targets with digital elements and games.
- Training Apps: Mobile applications for technique analysis and improvement.
Expanding Competitive Formats
The competitive landscape continues to diversify:
- New Disciplines: Development of new variations and throwing styles.
- Team Competitions: Growth of team-based formats alongside individual competition.
- International Growth: Expansion into new countries and regions.
FAQ About Axe Throwing
Q1: Is axe throwing dangerous?
A: While axe throwing involves sharp implements, the risk of injury is minimal when proper safety protocols are followed. Commercial venues implement strict safety measures, including barriers between lanes, supervision by trained staff, and comprehensive safety briefings. Statistics show axe throwing has a lower injury rate than many common recreational activities like bowling or softball. The controlled environment and emphasis on proper technique make it a surprisingly safe activity when guidelines are followed.
Q2: Do I need to be strong to throw an axe?
A: No, axe throwing is more about technique than strength. Successful axe throwing relies primarily on proper form, timing, and consistency rather than raw power. The axes used in throwing typically weigh between 1.25-1.75 pounds, making them manageable for most adults regardless of strength level. In fact, many venues note that those who focus on finesse often outperform those who rely on power alone. This accessibility is one reason why axe throwing attracts such a diverse range of participants.
Q3: What’s the difference between WATL and IATF rules?
A: The two major governing bodies have several key differences in their rulebooks. WATL uses a 5-ring target with 6 points for the bullseye and blue “killshot” spots worth 7-8 points that can be called twice per match. IATF features a 3-ring target with 5 points for bullseye and green “clutch” spots worth 7 points that must be called in advance on the final throw. WATL scoring counts points if any part of the axe touches a scoring ring, while IATF requires the majority of the blade to be in a scoring zone. Additionally, WATL permits various handle materials, while IATF requires wooden handles for competition axes.
Q4: What type of axe is best for beginners?
A: Beginners should start with a standard hatchet-style throwing axe weighing 1.5-2 pounds with a straight 14-16 inch handle. Heavier axes (up to 2 pounds) are generally more forgiving for beginners as they rotate more consistently and stick better in the target. The WATL Competition Thrower and Council Tool Flying Fox are popular starter axes that balance durability with performance. Avoid hardware store hatchets with curved handles, as these aren’t designed for throwing and may be more difficult to control. Many venues provide equipment for newcomers, allowing you to try different styles before purchasing your own.
Q5: Can I set up axe throwing at home?
A: While home axe throwing setups are possible, they require careful consideration of safety and space requirements. A proper home setup needs at least 15 feet of clear space, appropriate backstops and side barriers to contain missed throws, and targets made from suitable wood (like cottonwood or poplar). Safety measures must include a clear throwing zone, rules for retrieval, and keeping spectators well behind throwers. Many enthusiasts find joining leagues at commercial venues more practical than home setups due to these requirements. If you do pursue a home range, check local regulations, as some municipalities have ordinances regarding recreational axe throwing on residential property.
Conclusion
The axe throwing game has evolved from its historical roots into a thriving recreational activity and competitive sport that continues to grow in popularity worldwide. What makes it particularly special is its blend of primal satisfaction, skill development, social interaction, and competitive challenge—all within a structured, safe environment accessible to almost anyone.
Whether you’re seeking a unique social activity, a new competitive pursuit, or simply a novel way to blow off steam, axe throwing offers something genuinely different from conventional recreational options. Its meteoric rise from backyard pastime to internationally recognized sport speaks to its universal appeal and the deep satisfaction that comes from mastering this ancient skill in a modern context.
As the sport continues to evolve with new technologies, competitive formats, and greater mainstream recognition, axe throwing seems positioned to maintain its trajectory as one of the most exciting and inclusive emerging sports of the 21st century.
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